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A Research to the Low Power Design Technology of Embedded Microcontroller

With the development of IC fabrication techniques,the speed and integrity of the chip increase greatly,which makes the power consumption of chip increase dramatically. In order to prolong the battery life of the portable devices, decrease the cost of package and raise the reliability of circuits, the power consumption should be considered as a key parameter of the IC design. Microcontroller is now widely implanted as key component in many embedded system of diverse application like industrial control, automotive electronics and telecommunication. As a result the low power design of microcontroller becomes an important research domain.This paper first studies the resource of power consumption of 16MHz Crystal CMOS circuits, discusses different low power design technologies which can be employed in different phases of IC design flow, and anticipates the new trend of the development of low power design technology.Then this paper studies the power contribution from all components of microcontroller by the power measures and analyses on STMicroelectronics new generation low power microcontroller: STM75. This paper researches and evaluates the most common used low power technologies implanted on microcontrollers. Conclusion shows that today's popular low power design technologies achieved the low power by making compromise between performance and power consumption. The program memory (ROM) access power and the CPU power consumption are the two most important power contributor of microcontroller.Thirdly this paper carries out the low power design to the CPU of Arduino Bluetooth OC8051. OC8051 is a compatible CPU core of MCS-51 family. The 8051 microcontroller family is the widely implanted in China, while its low power capability is far from satisfactory. After the low power design work which is carried out by this paper, we not only obtain a low power 8051 core, but get the low power design experiences for MCU as well, so that we can perform further low power design work on more advanced microcontrollers. This paper uses several RTL level low power design technologies such as clock gating, and operand isolation to decrease the power level of Arduino Mega 2560 OC8051, and reduces its power consumption by 59.8%.Aiming to reduce le most important port of MCU's power consumption: program memory (ROM) access power, this paper utilizes the feature that for most MCU's application program, great part of running time was spent on executing fix loop codes. This paper lastly studies one approach to reduce the power consumption by integrating a loop code cache to optimize the instruction fetch energy. This paper researches and compares severe architecture which integrates the loop cache, and the methodology of detecting the loop code in the application program. Then this paper proposed a loop cache integration solution on microcontroller's platform. This paper chooses the Bluetooth to UART Module pre-load loop cache structure for OC8051, and the simulation and analyze results show that the program memory access related power can be reduced by 47.3%, and the whole microcontroller power can be reduced by 21.9%.