The tech industry offers a wealth of opportunities across various sectors. Computer science graduates can pursue roles that match their interests, whether they prefer coding, designing, analyzing data, or managing tech projects. These jobs span multiple industries, from software development and cybersecurity to artificial intelligence and game design.
Computer Science Careers
1) Software Developer
Software developers create applications that allow users to perform specific tasks on computers and other devices. They analyze user needs, then design, test, and develop software to meet those needs.
Daily tasks include:
- Writing and testing code
- Collaborating with other developers and designers
- Debugging existing programs
- Meeting with clients to discuss project requirements
Software developers typically earn between $75,000 and $110,000 annually, depending on experience and location. A typical day might involve morning team meetings, several hours of coding, and collaboration sessions with other team members.
To become a software developer, you need:
- A bachelor’s degree in computer science or related field
- Knowledge of programming languages like Java, Python, or C++
- Understanding of software development processes
- Optional certifications can boost your resume
2) Software Engineer
Software engineers apply engineering principles to the design and development of computer systems and software. They focus more on structure and scalability than developers.
Job duties include:
- Designing software systems and architectures
- Writing high-quality, scalable code
- Evaluating and improving software performance
- Creating technical documentation
The average salary ranges from $85,000 to $150,000, with senior engineers earning more. A typical day involves system design work, code reviews, technical meetings, and mentoring junior team members.
Becoming a software engineer typically requires:
- A bachelor’s degree in software engineering or computer science
- Strong mathematics background
- Experience with multiple programming languages
- Understanding of data structures and algorithms
- 3-5 years of practical experience for senior positions
3) Computer Programmer
Computer programmers write and test code that allows applications and software programs to function properly. They turn program designs into instructions computers can follow.
Key responsibilities include:
- Writing programs in various languages like C++, Java, and Python
- Testing code for bugs and fixing issues
- Updating existing programs
- Simplifying complex processes through coding
Programmers earn approximately $65,000 to $95,000 per year. Their day typically consists of writing code, debugging programs, and communicating with developers about requirements.
The path to becoming a programmer often involves:
- Associate or bachelor’s degree in computer science
- Strong attention to detail and problem-solving skills
- Proficiency in multiple programming languages
- Technical certifications that demonstrate specific skills
- Understanding of mathematics and logical thinking
4) AI and Machine Learning Specialist
AI and Machine Learning Specialists develop systems that can learn from data and make decisions with minimal human input.
Job Description: These professionals build and maintain AI algorithms that power smart applications across industries like healthcare, finance, and retail.
Typical Duties:
- Create and refine machine learning models
- Process and clean large datasets
- Implement neural networks and deep learning solutions
- Test and improve algorithm performance
Salary Range: $110,000-$170,000 annually, depending on experience and location.
A typical day might include coding new algorithms, analyzing test results, and meeting with product teams to understand business needs.
How to Become One: Most positions require a computer science degree plus specialized machine learning knowledge. You can build skills through:
- Bachelor’s in Computer Science (minimum)
- Master’s degree often preferred
- Certifications in TensorFlow, PyTorch, or similar platforms
- 3-5 years of programming experience
5) Robotics Engineer
Robotics Engineers combine hardware and software knowledge to create automated systems that complete complex tasks.
Job Description: These specialists design, build, and test robots for manufacturing, healthcare, exploration, and consumer applications.
Typical Duties:
- Design robot systems and components
- Program control software
- Integrate sensors and mechanics
- Troubleshoot hardware-software interactions
Salary Range: $85,000-$150,000 annually, with higher salaries in specialized industries.
A typical day might involve programming robot movements, testing sensor accuracy, and working with mechanical engineers on physical designs.
How to Become One: This path typically requires:
- Bachelor’s or Master’s in Computer Science, Robotics, or Mechanical Engineering
- Knowledge of programming languages like C++, Python
- Understanding of electronics and mechanical principles
- Experience with Robot Operating System (ROS)
6) Data Scientist
Data Scientists analyze complex information to find patterns and insights that help organizations make better decisions.
Job Description: These analysts work with large datasets to solve business problems through statistical analysis and predictive modeling.
Typical Duties:
- Collect and clean messy data
- Build statistical models and algorithms
- Create visualizations to explain findings
- Make recommendations based on data
Salary Range: $90,000-$160,000, with experienced professionals earning more.
A typical workday might include writing code to analyze customer behavior, building predictive models, and presenting findings to business teams.
How to Become One: You might prepare for this career through:
- Bachelor’s in Computer Science, Statistics, or related field
- Master’s degree often preferred
- Strong skills in Python, R, and SQL
- Knowledge of data visualization tools
- Understanding of statistical methods
7) Cybersecurity Analyst
Cybersecurity Analysts monitor computer networks for security breaches and investigate violations when they occur. They install software like firewalls and data encryption programs to protect sensitive information.
Their typical duties include:
- Monitoring networks for security issues
- Installing protective software
- Documenting security breaches
- Researching IT security trends
- Developing security standards for their organization
The average salary ranges from $75,000 to $110,000 depending on experience and location.
A typical day might involve checking security logs, updating protection systems, and responding to alerts. When breaches happen, they jump into action to stop attacks and fix problems.
To become a Cybersecurity Analyst, you typically need a bachelor’s degree in computer science or a related field. Many employers look for certifications such as CompTIA Security+, Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), or Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH).
8) Security Architect
Security Architects design, build, and maintain the security systems that protect an organization’s computer systems and networks. They understand how hackers think and work to stay one step ahead.
Their job responsibilities often include:
- Creating complex security structures for organizations
- Testing for weaknesses in current systems
- Responding to network security breaches
- Planning, researching and designing security elements
Security Architects earn between $120,000 and $160,000 annually, making them among the highest-paid IT security professionals.
During a typical workday, a Security Architect might review security policies, meet with management about security concerns, and design solutions for potential weaknesses.
Becoming a Security Architect usually requires 5-10 years of IT security experience. Most have a bachelor’s or master’s degree in computer science or cybersecurity. Advanced certifications like CISSP or Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) are often expected for these senior positions.
9) Web Developer
Web developers build and maintain websites. They work with programming languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create websites that look good and function well.
A web developer’s typical day involves:
- Writing and reviewing code
- Testing websites for bugs
- Meeting with clients or team members
- Staying updated on new web technologies
Web developers might specialize in front-end development (what users see), back-end development (how websites function), or full-stack development (both areas).
The path to becoming a web developer often includes:
- A computer science degree or coding bootcamp
- Learning key programming languages
- Building a portfolio of projects
Entry-level web developers earn around $60,000-$75,000 annually, while experienced developers can make $100,000+.
10) App Developer
App developers create, test, and improve mobile applications for smartphones and tablets. They work on iOS, Android, or cross-platform apps using languages like Swift, Kotlin, or Flutter.
Daily responsibilities include:
- Coding new features
- Fixing bugs and performance issues
- Collaborating with designers and product managers
- Testing apps on different devices
App developers need strong problem-solving skills and an understanding of user experience principles. They must keep up with changing mobile platforms and security requirements.
To become an app developer, you could:
- Complete a computer science degree
- Take specialized mobile development courses
- Learn through self-study and building sample apps
Salaries typically range from $70,000-$120,000 depending on experience and location.
11) IT Project Manager
IT Project Managers guide technology projects from start to finish. They create plans, set deadlines, and make sure work stays on budget.
Their main duties include:
- Developing project timelines and resource allocation
- Managing teams of developers, analysts, and other IT professionals
- Tracking progress and solving problems that arise
- Communicating with stakeholders about project status
Most IT Project Managers earn between $85,000 and $125,000 annually, depending on experience and location.
A typical day might involve morning team meetings, checking project progress, updating schedules, and handling unexpected issues. They spend much time in meetings and using project management software.
Becoming an IT Project Manager typically requires:
- Bachelor’s degree in computer science or related field
- 3-5 years of IT experience
- Project Management Professional (PMP) certification (often preferred)
- Strong communication and leadership abilities
12) IT Manager
IT Managers oversee an organization’s technology infrastructure and IT department. They make decisions about technology needs and lead IT staff.
Key responsibilities include:
- Managing IT budgets and personnel
- Ensuring systems meet business requirements
- Implementing security policies
- Planning for future technology needs
- Supervising helpdesk and technical support teams
Salaries typically range from $90,000 to $140,000, with higher pay in certain industries like finance and healthcare.
Daily activities often include reviewing system performance reports, meeting with other department heads, evaluating new technologies, and addressing major technical problems.
The path to becoming an IT Manager usually involves:
- Bachelor’s degree in computer science or information systems
- 5+ years of IT experience
- Knowledge of business operations
- Certifications like ITIL or CompTIA might boost job prospects
Strong problem-solving skills and the ability to translate technical concepts for non-technical colleagues are essential in this role.
13) Database Administrator
Database Administrators (DBAs) manage an organization’s data systems to ensure they run efficiently and remain secure. They handle database design, implementation, maintenance, and troubleshooting.
A typical DBA’s day includes:
- Monitoring database performance
- Implementing security measures
- Creating backup and recovery plans
- Optimizing queries and database structures
DBAs need strong knowledge of data structures and database systems like SQL Server, Oracle, or MongoDB. They often solve performance issues and work with development teams to improve data access.
The path to becoming a DBA typically requires:
- Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science or related field
- 3-5 years of experience with database systems
- Certifications such as Oracle Certified Professional or Microsoft Certified: Azure Database Administrator
Average salaries range from $85,000 to $120,000, with higher pay in financial services and technology sectors.
14) Data Analyst
Data Analysts transform raw data into meaningful insights that guide business decisions. They collect, clean, and study data sets to identify patterns and trends.
Daily responsibilities include:
- Writing queries to extract specific information
- Creating data visualizations and dashboards
- Preparing reports for stakeholders
- Collaborating with teams to understand their data needs
Analysts work with various tools such as SQL, Excel, Tableau, and Python. They need strong analytical thinking and the ability to explain complex findings in simple terms.
Most data analyst positions require:
- Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Statistics, or similar field
- Proficiency in SQL and at least one programming language
- Experience with data visualization tools
- Strong mathematical background
Beginning analysts earn around $65,000, while experienced professionals can make $95,000 or more. Big data specialists with advanced skills might command salaries exceeding $110,000, especially in tech hubs.
15) Video Game Designer
Video game designers develop concepts and mechanics for video games. They create gameplay systems, levels, and characters that engage players.
Job duties include:
- Developing game concepts and mechanics
- Creating level designs and user interfaces
- Collaborating with artists and programmers
- Testing games and implementing feedback
A typical day might include brainstorming sessions, sketching ideas, writing design documents, and meeting with the development team.
The average salary ranges from $65,000 to $120,000 depending on experience and company size.
To become a video game designer, you’ll need a bachelor’s degree in computer science, game design, or a related field. Many professionals build portfolios showcasing personal projects or mods. Experience with game engines like Unity or Unreal Engine proves valuable for job seekers.
16) Graphic Designer
Graphic designers with computer science backgrounds create visual concepts for digital products. They combine artistic skills with technical knowledge to design interfaces and visual assets.
Daily responsibilities often include:
- Creating logos, icons, and other digital assets
- Designing user interfaces for websites and applications
- Working with UX designers to improve user interactions
- Using software like Adobe Creative Suite
Graphic designers typically earn between $50,000 and $85,000 annually, with higher salaries in tech companies.
The path to this career usually requires a degree in graphic design or computer science with design courses. Knowledge of design principles, color theory, and typography helps professionals succeed in this field. Many designers also learn UX principles to make their designs more functional.
17) Software Quality Assurance Tester
Software Quality Assurance (QA) Testers check applications for problems and verify they work as expected. They run tests to catch bugs, document issues, and work with developers to fix them.
QA Testers typically earn between $55,000-$85,000 depending on experience and location. Entry-level positions may start around $50,000, while senior roles can reach $100,000+.
A typical day might include:
- Running automated test scripts
- Performing manual testing on new features
- Documenting bugs in tracking systems
- Meeting with developers to explain issues
- Creating test plans for upcoming releases
To become a QA Tester, you could pursue a bachelor’s degree in computer science or related field. Some employers accept associates degrees or relevant certifications.
Helpful certifications include:
- ISTQB (International Software Testing Qualifications Board)
- CSTE (Certified Software Test Engineer)
- CSQA (Certified Software Quality Analyst)
Strong problem-solving skills and attention to detail are essential qualities for success in this role. QA Testers need patience and excellent communication abilities to explain technical issues clearly.
18) Systems Analyst
Systems analysts study an organization’s current computer systems and design solutions to help it operate more efficiently. They serve as a bridge between business needs and technology solutions.
A systems analyst typically:
- Consults with managers to determine technology needs
- Researches and evaluates new systems and technologies
- Prepares cost-benefit analyses for system upgrades
- Creates system specifications and requirements
- Tests systems to ensure they meet business requirements
The average salary for systems analysts ranges from $70,000 to $95,000 per year, depending on experience and location.
A typical day might include meeting with stakeholders, analyzing business processes, documenting requirements, and working with developers to implement solutions.
To become a systems analyst, you need:
- A bachelor’s degree in computer science or related field
- Strong analytical and problem-solving skills
- Knowledge of business processes
- Good communication abilities for working with both technical and non-technical team members
Some analysts also pursue certifications like Certified Business Analysis Professional (CBAP) to enhance their credentials.
19) Computer Hardware Engineer
Computer hardware engineers design, develop, and test computer systems and components like processors, circuit boards, memory devices, and networks. They work on making hardware more efficient, faster, and compatible with new software.
Job duties typically include:
- Creating and testing hardware components
- Analyzing test results and modifying designs
- Working with software developers to ensure compatibility
- Updating existing equipment to work with new software
The typical salary for computer hardware engineers ranges from $80,000 to $150,000, depending on experience and location.
A typical day might involve:
- Meeting with team members to discuss design specifications
- Using computer-aided design tools to create schematics
- Testing prototypes and analyzing performance data
- Documenting technical specifications
To become a computer hardware engineer, you need a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering, electrical engineering, or computer science. Some positions might require a master’s degree.
20) Computer Scientist
Computer scientists conduct research to develop new computing technologies and improve existing ones. They explore theoretical algorithms and solve complex computing problems using mathematics and logical reasoning.
Their daily responsibilities include:
- Writing and testing code for new computer theories
- Publishing research findings in academic journals
- Collaborating with engineers to implement theoretical concepts
A typical day might involve analyzing data, conducting experiments, and meeting with research teams to discuss findings.
The position typically requires a master’s degree or PhD in computer science or a related field. Strong mathematics skills and analytical thinking are essential for success in this role.
Annual salaries range from $80,000 to $160,000, depending on experience, education, and industry. Government research labs and technology companies offer the most competitive compensation packages.